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The Higher Institute for Languages
1-Words which are preferred to use. Arab speakers want to use these words because they have no equivalent. However, in the speech context, there may be Arabic words that are clearly equivalent to the Turkish ones, but the speaker prefers to use the Turkish ones because they have been used to saying them for tens of years. Changing this habit needs maybe ages so that speakers forget about the Turkish words and start using Arabic ones. Nevertheless, it is natural that languages borrow some words from another. For example, Arabic has borrowed from Persian words such as برزخ and ديوان. One other reason that may justify the use of Turkish words is that some Turkish words are easier to pronounce and may convey more than one meaning in one word. For example, we say (köfte) كفتة instead of قطع صفيرة و مفرومة من اللحم. As mentioned, one Turkish word gives the same meaning that five Arabic words do. Moreover, Arabic speakers use the word (safer tas) سفرطاس to refer to أنية لحفظ حرارة الطعام ونقله خارج البيت since it is familiar to others and easier to pronounce.
2-Words which were used but are no longer used now These are words which are rarely or not used at all because the Arabic language has found more meaningful and smoother equivalents for them. Some of these words are not used now because they produce vulgar echoes or because they seem inappropriate regarding the social traditions: the use of these words may indicate that the speaker is not a highly educated person. Arab speakers have stopped to using the word (tabanca)طبنجة which means a pistol because that thing called طبنجة was introduced to them in a time they were under the Othoman occupation and because the Ottomans themselves are the ones who introduced it to the Arabs. Therefore, the Arabs used to name it as the ottomans did, but later on they called it either مسدس since it has got six bullets or فرد because it has only one Sabatini. Another word that was used for a long period of time is(hastahane) خستخانة. In fact, the Arabs used to call it بيمارستان, which is originally taken from the Persian language. During the Ottoman occupation it was changed into خشتخانة and recently it was substituted with مستشفى. The same thing applies to (karakol) كركون,(gözlük), كزلك (yüzbaŞi يوزباشي( and (fiŞek)فشك.
This is to be explained according to the social
background of the speakers and the extent they are exposed to the two languages
and consequently their words. For example, we still use the word حكيم to call or
refer to a doctor, while we use also دكتور or even طبيب to do the same thing.
This is perhaps due to the social or historical background of a certain
community. In Syria, the majority of people use دكتور whereas in Lebanon the
majority uses حكيم. The use of different words may reflect the social context a
speaker is involved in. For example; the اكراميةis used in places of a socially
higher rank such as hotels and restaurants, whereas (bahŞiŞ) بخشيش seems to be
more public and traditional and is used especially in public situations like
cafes and restaurants. We use both words (oda) and غرفة at the same time to mean
"room" and may be by the same members of the same house. The use of (yatak)
which is تخت in Arabic in interchangeable with سرير, and this is a matter of
exposure to such words that controls the use of either word. Here are more
Turkish words that are still used.
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